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Achalasia Cardia :
Gastroenterology Surgery
Achalasia Cardia India offers information on Achalasia Cardia in India, Achalasia Cardia cost India, Achalasia Cardia hospital in India, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad & Bangalore, Achalasia Cardia Surgeon in India.


Description

Achalasia affects the esophagus, the tube that carries swallowed food from the back of the throat down into the stomach. A ring of muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter encircles the esophagus just above the entrance to the stomach. This sphincter muscle is normally contracted to close the esophagus. When the sphincter is closed, the contents of the stomach cannot flow back into the esophagus. Backward flow of stomach contents (reflux) can irritate and inflame the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn. The act of swallowing causes a wave of esophageal contraction called peristalsis. Peristalsis pushes food along the esophagus. Normally, peristalsis causes the esophageal sphincter to relax and allow food into the stomach. In achalasia, which means "failure to relax," the esophageal sphincter remains contracted. Normal peristalsis is interrupted and food cannot enter the stomach.


Causes of achalasia cardia or cardiospasm

Though thew actual cause of achalasia cardia is not known exactly, but there are some theories postulated for the aetiology of achalasia cardia of oesophagus.
Treatment

As the degenerative neural lesion of this disease cannot be corrected, treatment is directed at palliation of symptoms and prevention of complications. Effective peristalsis is rarely restored by successful treatment, but improved oesophageal emptying and a decrease in oesophageal diameter are generally expected.

Four palliative treatments are available: pharmacotherapy, botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilatation and myotomy. They all aim to decrease LOS pressure and improve emptying by gravity.
Pre-Operative Evaluation


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