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The
following immunisations are commonly recommended to travellers:
POLIO:
This vaccine is given orally, usually on a lump of sugar,
and is a simple and safe protection against poliomyelitis which is still prevalent
in tropical and developing countries. A booster is needed every 10 years.
TETANUS AND DIPHTHERIA :
All travellers should be in date for tetanus and diphtheria
immunisation as the disease is spread throughout the world and is potentially
a hazard to life. A booster dose is given as a single injection and lasts
for 10 years.
TYPHOID:
Typhoid is a disease contracted from contaminated food
and water which leads to high fever and septicaemia. There are now three vaccines
for protection against typhoid, these are: the older monovalent vaccine, a
new injected single-dose vaccine, and a live oral vaccine. Immunisation is
usually advised for those going to areas where the standards of food and water
hygiene are poor.
Immunisation
before travel is not only sensible but also essential to land in a new country
in order to avoid landing in some unavoidable catastrophe. This can protect
against many of the more serious diseases which may be encountered during
travel abroad. It is advisable to start the Immunisations 3-5 weeks before
travel.
It is worth bearing in mind that immunisations do not protect against many
of the more common problems (e.g. travellers' diarrhoea - infection with enterotoxigenic
E.coli, Campylobacter, Shigella or Salmonella due to poor hygiene) and it
is always wise to ensure high standards of food and water hygiene and to avoid
being bitten by mosquitos and other insects (use safe, effective insect repellents,
mosquito nets, etc.)
