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What is Prostate Cancer?
Causes of Prostate Cancer
Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Treatment of Prostate Cancer in India
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy in men over the age of 50. It is due to the abnormal proliferation of prostatic tissue cells. It is often a slow-growing cancer and remains localized at first. Later, it may extend as it spreads to nearby tissues and organs and then metastasizes to other more distant organs (lymph nodes, bones, lungs, etc.) via the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. Preventing such a development by early screening is a major public health issue, all the more so because as life expectancy increases, so does the frequency of this cancer.
Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells, fuelled by male hormones such as testosterone, grow uncontrollably to form tumors.
Causes of Prostate Cancer
The cause of prostate cancer isn't fully understood at present. But there are certain factors that make prostate cancer more likely, which are listed below.
Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer often has no symptoms, particularly in the early stages.
Some men may never have any symptoms or problems from the disease. Some types of prostate cancer can be slow-growing and may not become a serious threat to your health. Whereas others are a faster-growing and aggressive form and can be more harmful.
You are more likely to get symptoms if and when your cancer grows in the prostate gland and narrows the urethra. Symptoms then include:
These symptoms are similar to those produced by a common non-cancerous disease where the prostate becomes enlarged (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
Enlarged prostate (BPH)
If prostate cancer spreads to other parts of your body, other symptoms can develop. The most common site for prostate cancer to spread to is one or more bones, especially the lower back, pelvis and hips. These bones can become painful and tender.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and will examine you for Prostate Cancer. He or she may do some of the following tests or refer you to a hospital specialist (urologist) for them.
Treatment of Prostate Cancer in India
Your treatment for prostate cancer will depend on a number of factors such as your age and whether the cancer has spread and if so, how far. There are a number of treatments which are described below.
Active monitoring of Prostate Cancer
Sometimes, particularly for slow-growing tumors, no treatment is the best course of action. This is often called active monitoring or watchful waiting. Your condition will be monitored closely with routine check-ups. You can start treatment at any time and will be advised to do so if tests show the cancer is growing.
Surgery of Prostate Cancer in India
Surgery is a common treatment for prostate cancer. It is most suitable for otherwise healthy men (usually, those under 70) whose cancer has not spread beyond the prostate.
The most common technique is a radical prostatectomy. This is a major operation, which removes the whole of the prostate, seminal vesicles and nearby lymph nodes.
Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer in India
Newer techniques that are used for treating prostate cancer with radiotherapy include conformal radiotherapy (CRT) or high-resolution intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Conformal radiotherapy shapes the radiation beams to match the shape of the prostate. This reduces the radiation received by the healthy surrounding cells in nearby organs such as the bladder and rectum. This lowers the side-effects and may allow higher doses to be given which could be more effective. IMRT allows the radiotherapist to vary the dose of radiotherapy given to the tumour and surrounding tissue. Read More>>
Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer in India
Brachytherapy involves implanting radioactive seeds into, or next to, the tumour in your prostate. Radiation can be released slowly over time. The seeds lose their radioactivity over about a year. Brachytherapy is more effective if the tumour is small and you have early prostate cancer. Read More>>
Hormone therapy for Prostate Cancer in India
Hormone therapy blocks the action of male sex hormones that help cancer grow. This can slow the growth and spread of prostate tumors but will not kill the cancer cells.
New treatments for Prostate Cancer in India
There are new treatments being developed such as cryotherapy. This is surgery to freeze the prostate with liquid gas and kill cancer cells.
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a treatment given using a machine that gives off high frequency sound waves. Some cancer cells die when this is focused directly onto them.
New surgical developments include keyhole surgery (a laparoscopic prostatectomy) where the prostate is removed through smaller incisions.
Green Light Laser therapy is also offered for prostate treatment.
Prostate Treatment as follows : -
HIFU Treatment for Prostate Cancer
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